Henderson Valley, New Zealand - A story in the fog

Henderson Valley / Opanuku, New Zealand.

History and future of the misty valley.

14 Inch Wheel Cover

From our earliest known history of this valley role in shaping the identity of Waitakere City and Auckland has played. This area is home to more than 1000 years, archaeologists discovered at various sites in the area Pa.

The Pacific rat or Kioro, poor swimmer, could be reached only with the people in New Zealand. In the mid-1990, a scientist at the Pacific rat radiocarbonBones from caves in the North Island, and came up with dates as early as 50-150 AD. People must have achieved at this time, with rats on board. The discovery was a scientific bombshell.1

Maori tradition tells us that the earliest known inhabitants of the area Turehu (hapu or sub-tribe of people called Patupaiarehe.) Commonly referred to as fair skin, red hair or light described, an elusive man who had lived in dense forests, hills and only venturedat night or under cover of the valley to fish and plenty of fog and mist gather food. Turehu were sometimes buried deep in the bush of Maori, belongs fern roots, but often only to the powerful tohunga / spiritual statement. A state of taboo referred to these forest dwellers, and should any person, invade their domain they would immediately leave that part of the forest. Their leader was Tiriwa, and the area traditionally known as 'Hikurangi' now known as theWaitakere Ranges and beyond were the name of Te Wao Nui A Tiriwa - The great forest of Tiriwa. Tiriwa had houses in all region.3

Many years later (around 925AD) came to Taranaki Maori chief Maruiwi and decided to look beyond the country's north. Tino Maruiwi 4 or successfully completed the opening fertile plains of South Kaipara However, when a large influx of canoes as "the great fleet" were known from Polynesia in the 13 th Century and 14, killed many from MaruiwiThe newcomers were refugees hiding in the vegetation changes driven by widespread Ranges.5 now found mainly ferns and scrub trees to burn by Polynesian settlers to the forest, kumara / sweet potato cultivation, and encouragement to make room for the growth ferns. Rich in starch was born underground ferns were an important part of the settlers diet.6 is also accepted by the eagle Maori, moa and giant who lived in the valley, but they seemwere extinct by the end of 17 century.

The stream crosses Opanuku Henderson Valley, which means "Opanuku" "The Place Panuku" and first name of the entire region from the head of the river valley high in the areas of Wai Pareira and Henderson Creek. The history of the name of the area is as follows: - A Turehu Nihotupu called living in a cave at the foot of the hill Ruotewhenua Waiatarua (in dense bush off Opanuku Rd) named. In a food gatheringShipping to Heng Te (Bethells) Nihotupu came Gardens Maruiwi chief named Panuku. Nihotupu taken pumpkins, found in the growth and the discovery Panuku Parekura women work in gardens, has been kidnapped. Parekura understandably was not prepared, and made the smart decision, one way to leave in the hope that Panuku would be able to find them. It worked, discovered the white feathers caught fairly Panuku clothes and followed and Nihotupu Parekura back in his caveRuotewhenua to, and was challenged to a fight Panuku Nihotupu, agreed. Nihotupu lost his mistake and he paid with his life had been united, the couple again.

Ruotewhenua a hill by the stream and was named after Parekura, the flow goes from the river Ruotewhenua Opanuku links the valley, is a romantic under the circumstances! 7 Nihotupu remembered his name in another stream, which runs from Ruotewhenua to Parau, Nihotupu than the dam (the highest dam in Auckland), a throatDam downstream and the Lower Nihotupu.

At times during the first 15 Mahuhu century (descendants of the great fleet, which had taken over the Kaipara area) of Ngati Awa were themselves masters of invasion, the survivors decided to flee back into working order. These refugee groups together and, over time, the strain known as Kawerau a Maki. From 1450 onward transportation of Kawerau established tribal ownership of all ranks, albeit in a sober, quiet people, whosucceeded in hanging on, and continue to be as mana WhenU (people Opanuku Traditional) today.

The Pareira Wai takes its name from an illustrious ancestor Pareira Kawerau, the granddaughter of the famous Polynesian navigator Toi huatahi you was. After exploring the Hauraki Gulf and Waitemata Harbour, Pereira and decided to pay some of their supporters on Wai Pereira - Pereira of the bay. Over time this name also applies to the river that we call the Henderson Creek.8

HendersonValley has its own pa and storage wells behind the mountain area and Henderson Valley Road located. The Puke-aruhe Pa. (Hill of fern), was a pa Kawerau, collect as the basis for seasonal foods and built as an observation point, its sidewalks to and from the Kaipara and Waitemata Harbours.9 When Monitor threatened invasion (which on a regular basis) returns the Kawerau abandon their pa and quietly blend into the forest, invisible as the Turehu, when the danger was over. The site has been palargely destroyed by bulldozers in 1970, but the pa storage wells are apparently still intact.

European unification

Decided in 1843 the last Scottish immigrants (Smith) Thomas Henderson and his brother Henry MacFarlane, a schooner named the LUCIDAN who was in Auckland to buy. He campaigned for retrofitting passenger and cargo, sailing January 31, 1844 at the Bay of Islands. The ship was revealed, so that the local Maori chiefsPaul Kawau Te, Te Rawhiti Hira and Mr. Henderson asked if he would be interested in a phrase to the ship for some land swaps that says they replace Governor Fitzroy's permission, the land had been a total of 17 784 hectares on the Whau , for the ship. With those assurances, Thomas has agreed to swap and gave the schooner, the Maori chiefs. After meeting with Henderson, Governor Fitzroy wrote a memorandum for the swap, but Mr. Henderson allowed only 9,000 hectaresthe promised land, in return for the investor.

The land at the foot of the Waitakere Ranges include Henderson Valley. It 'been a close in the bush with large stands of kauri trees and covered with Rimu, knowing that the partner was the most valuable wood antennas and masts for ships and building materials. Henderson essays have also purchased the 1,000 acres of land bordering both Opanuku Henderson and waterways safely to his single uninterrupted use of waterways for floating logs from theHill. A timber license from the government has reduced the stands of timber. The timber workers were employed by Henderson & MacFarlane, the pits in the bush and watched the wooden float heavy strains on the output streams for the port. Large dams have been built of wood in the forest to keep the logs have been cut before the waterways, the mill washed, deep scouring the river bed, as they went. As cleared areas of scrub-rubber excavator moved on compensation recordedTo provide other areas of vegetation in search of chewing gum on the growing paint industry.

Henderson & MacFarlane has decided to establish a sawmill employs John McLeod, a Canadian immigrant carpenter to build it at the confluence of two streams. A large water wheel (to drive the saws) and a dam was built, along with some workers of small huts and a cookhouse. Henderson Mill has taken shape out of the bush, as the trees and undergrowth were cleared. In the following yearsSteam engine in the mill, which has achieved an average capacity of 9,000 feet per day * super-wood throughout its years, has been installed, the mill has been averaging about 45 million super feet of timber from the area have. (* Foot Super 12 inches long and 12 cm wide and 1 inch thick - 304 mm x 304 mm x 25 mm)

In 1858 Henderson sailed for China on a mission of trading. While there, he bought 50 pairs of Chinese pheasants from the collar. Henderson took theBirds to his mill. A Maori woman birds of brilliant colors, opened the door of the cage to touch them, seizing their chance of pheasants escaped into the surrounding bush. These few birds in 1858, the population grew wild throughout New Zealand, and yet we see as in the upper valley.

Henderson has sold its 10,000 hectares of bush and agricultural land sold in 1881 to little more than expected buyers.10 Henderson Valley was cut, with the exception of the steepinaccessible upper reaches, (only 2% of the forested area of ​​the Waitakere Ranges was not affected by the timber industry). The process of creation of native pasture vegetation involved further clearing by fire, which often burned out of control (Denyeret al. 1993).

In 1890, the vineyards were established in agriculture and in the lower valley. From the vineyards in Dalmatia, immigrant families have brought their winemaking skills to the green slopes of the Waitakere Ranges in Auckland. NiceWine Valley Henderson Valley Road is the oldest. The 80-acres purchased in 1890 by Dalmatian Yelas Stipan to dig gum. The company was founded in 1902 and is owned by the family today.

A few years later, in 1932, 19 years Dudley Russell Auckland one of English descent and decided his future was the wine and bought 24 acres of vineyards in the valley on the road. Dudley built a small cabin room, which became his home for the next 10 years, as he doggedlyhas worked to establish his vineyard. Since 1970, Western Vineyards was 115 hectares with 64 hectares of vineyards, produces award-winning wines and his vision for the country, wine cellars, built a swimming pool, tennis court, a Japanese garden and a nice addition to the big house in the valley.

Habitat for wildlife depletion wood milled from continuing operations had a strong impact on the area. Until the middle of 1930, the kaka, kiwi and Kakariki parakeets were rare, and the refusal of TUI Kokako were introducedAnimals have over.11

In 1945, the brothers Sapic (Tony, Mark and Ivan), on 80 acres in Forest Hill Rd has been taken yet the vine is still family owned. For generations, growers and farmers who tend pioneer dedicated their lives and have struggled with high humidity and rainfall unproductive land as the city grew around them slowly swallowing his tracks

Henderson Valley Primary School first opened its doors to 19 students in 1915, rented a small 4-squaretemporary building on Gum Street, opposite the present site on Henderson Valley Road. 4 hectares of land in the current site was purchased in 1919 and, once built, 24 students have participated since 1922 under the eye drills and harsh discipline of the Dean Ethel Croker. Further buildings were added in 1984 and 125 students were on a roll. After further pressure from residential development most significant additions were made in 1990 and moving the pavilion built in Henderson Valley campusand by 2007 the number of students has risen to nearly 500.

Since 1920, recognized the value of Auckland with a great desert near the rapidly growing cities and designed to protect a significant area. The Scenic Drive was opened in 1939 and the Centennial Memorial Park was founded in 1940.

During the late '50s and early sixties, ten acre block subdivisions distributed, while for the land, the peasants were fighting were to be used as farmland for many years, and isBlocks to replace the lifestyle in some poultry farms. The sections were sold at Grassmere takes away the new residents of the area.

The Waitakere Ranges Protection Society, for the first time in 1973. More than 700 acres of land, the provincial and regional park system, as a result of the efforts of the company (including the complement to 308 acres Spraggs Bush at the top of the valley) The park covers 17,000 hectares currently registered in total.

A piece was removed openHenderson Valley Hall in 1974, where the land is given to the most downstream Farwood drive, where he worked on its center in 1988.

The future for "The Place Panuku".

Development pressures have increased along with the growing population of Waitakere City. The enlarged park lands and forest regeneration are desirable to the subdivision and development than in the past. The local and central government have agreedlegislation on the establishment of the Waitakere Ranges Heritage Area to protect the upper valley including Henderson. "The goal is to put in place measures to ensure that this important resource and over, not gradually eroded with the result that the properties estimated that jeopardize lost forever together" Ngati Whatua and Kawerau a 13 Maki expressed similar concerns. The sleeve of the Waitakere Ranges and the fingers remain in the upper part of the eastern hills, have been identifiedWaitakere City Council as an outstanding landscape features. At the eastern lower slopes with their mix of pasture and bush is not 14.

The first inhabitants of the valley saw themselves as custodians of the land and its resources. Given the devastation that has been given that it is time to ensure that the ancient wisdom with modern law to maintain the commitment and, hopefully, the original character of this unique area. Fortunately, with the restoration ofWaitakere Ranges forest, and a lot of work to organizations such as the Auckland Regional Council, Waitakere City Council, Royal Forest and Bird Society, and the "Ark in the Park" project, some flora and fauna populations on the left rear large forest of Tiriwa. The dawn of the Tui and Kereru night and asks Morepork can still hear the echo of this misty valley.

References

Geoff Irwin and Carl Walrond 1. "When was New Zealand first?. done, "Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz / New Zealand / MaoriNewZealanders / WhenwasNewZealandfirstsettled / s

2 The Maori as he was: a brief account of life as it was in pre-European days. Author:. "Maori, Tangata Maori" near Hoan, Journal of the Polynesian Society 3 (1894) :27-35.

3 "Waitakere Ranges, areas of inspiration." Waitakere Ranges Protection Society Inc, 2006: 21

4 Hoan Nahe, 'Maori, Tangata Maori. "Journal of the Polynesian Society 3(1894): 27-35.

5 JT Diamond and Bruce W Hayward, "The history of Maori and legends of the Waitakere Ranges' :2-3

Geoff Irwin and Carl Walrond 6. "When New Zealand was colonized?", Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.

7 Bruce W Hayward and JT Diamond, "The history of Maori and legends of the Waitakere Ranges": 34

Waitemata Harbour Foreshore Reserve 8 Project Management Plan, the first part. URL: www.waitakere.govt.nz / HavSay / pdf / Waitemata partone.pdf

9 Joan Lawrence"The Archaeology of the Waitakere Ranges," 1989: 215

10 G Anthony Flud "Henderson Mill". Henderson Borough Council 11.URL 1977. Http: / / www.waitakere.govt.nz / AbtCnl / pp / district plan / pdf / policy / cityenviroment.pdf 12:14 p.m. URL: http://www.waitakere.govt.nz/abtcit/ne/ pdf / Waitakere - reach bill.pdf Heritage

13 Waitakere Ranges Heritage Area Bill, 2006 No. 15-1, explanation, statement of general policy, analysis of problems, p. 2 [Http: / / www.waitakere.govt.nz/abtcit/ne/pdf/ranges-]bkgrdrpt.pdf

Henderson Valley, New Zealand - A story in the fog